Seasonal and regional variations of atmospheric ammonia across the South Korean Peninsula

Abstract This study aimed to identify the factors causing NH 3 emissions in South Korean Peninsula and West Sea region. To analyze trends of other air pollutants, such as NO x , CO, NR-PM 1 we collected samples from six supersites across peninsula, a roadside Seoul, over different sampling periods, ranging month year. The highest concentrations were found at rural areas, ascribed agricultural activities, particularly 4 decomposition high summer temperatures. Areas with low population densities recorded lowest concentrations, attributed lack anthropogenic activities. A field experiment confirmed close link between ambient vehicle urban regions by showing strong correlation CO that . Moreover, examined oceanic near eastern coast Korea Sea. Long-range transportation studies most pollutants (NH PM ) transported wind northeastern region China. maritime origin showed atmosphere owing temperatures pollution. These findings provided valuable insights into emission sources primary Korea, highlighting contributions land-based sources. Our can help inform policymakers stakeholders for developing effective regional pollution control strategies.